There are 816 STPs having capacity of 23277MLD in 28 States/UTs of India. Out of 816 STPs, 522 STPS are operational, 79 STPs are Non- operational, 145 STPs are under construction and 70 STPs are proposed for construction.
Correspondingly, How many wastewater treatment plants are there in India? Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) studies de- pict that there are 269 sewage treatment plants (STPs) in India, of which only 231 are operational, thus, the existing treatment capacity is just 21 per cent of the present sewage generation.
What are the 3 stages of wastewater treatment PDF? Wastewater is treated in 3 phases: primary (solid removal), secondary (bacterial decomposition), and tertiary (extra filtration).
Furthermore, What are the 4 steps of sewage treatment?
Treatment Steps
- Step 1: Screening and Pumping. …
- Step 2: Grit Removal. …
- Step 3: Primary Settling. …
- Step 4: Aeration / Activated Sludge. …
- Step 5: Secondary Settling. …
- Step 8: Oxygen Uptake. …
- Sludge Treatment.
How do you calculate STP capacity?
Multiply your Minimum Population (P) by 150 to get your daily estimated wastewater production. For example, a three bed house with a Minimum Population (P) of 5 people would have a daily estimated wastewater production of 750 litres per day (5 x 150).
What is STP capacity? Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), Capacity: 5 KLD to 50 MLD, Waste Water Treatment Plant.
What is COD and BOD in STP? The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) represents the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) consumed by biological organisms when they decompose organic matter in water. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) is the amount of oxygen consumed when the water sample is chemically oxidised.
How many types of STP are there? 4 Types of Sewage Treatment Plants.
What are the types of STP?
Following are few STP process & System commonly used in India.
- Activated Sludge Process.
- Moving Bio Bed Reactor (MBBR)
- Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR)
- Electro Coagulation System.
- Sequential Bio Reactor (SBR)
- Rotating Bio Reactor (RBC)
What is the term GREY water? Greywater can be defined as any domestic wastewater produced, excluding sewage. The main difference between greywater and sewage (or blackwater) is the organic loading.
What is COD BYJU’s?
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is the amount of oxygen that is consumed when a water sample is chemically oxidised.
What is a good level of COD? Influent COD in normal domestic sewage is therefore generally 600 – 900 mg/l and it is then treated to at least 75 -100 mg/l before discharge to minimise pollution potential.
What is a good BOD level?
Typical values
Most pristine rivers will have a 5-day carbonaceous BOD below 1 mg/L. Moderately polluted rivers may have a BOD value in the range of 2 to 8 mg/L. Rivers may be considered severely polluted when BOD values exceed 8 mg/L.
What is ETP and STP?
Difference between Effluent treatment plant (ETP) and Sewage treatment plant (STP) 1- ETP may be a system that removes toxic and non-toxic material from water and making it usable for various purposes. STP unit removes contaminants from municipal wastewater or household sewage.
What are the 3 types of sewage treatment? There are three main stages of the wastewater treatment process, aptly known as primary, secondary and tertiary water treatment. In some applications, more advanced treatment is required, known as quaternary water treatment.
What is MBR STP? Membrane Bioreactor or MBR Sewage Treatment Plant is an innovative wastewater treatment method. As the name suggests, it combines two technologies, membrane filtration and the biological treatment.
Can I drink gray water?
Graywater (also known as “greywater”) has the potential to carry bacteria and viruses, making it unsafe to drink. In short, greywater is never potable.
What is blackwater and greywater? What’s the difference between gray water and black water? Gray water is all of the wastewater that drains from your shower and kitchen and bathroom sinks. Gray water has some bacteria but it can be filtered and reused in gardens or lawns, if done properly. Black water contains human waste and is unsafe.
What is green water?
Green water is the water held in soil and available to plants. It is the largest freshwater resource but can only be used in situ, by plants. Green water is managed by farmers, foresters, and pasture or rangeland users.
What is BOD BYJU’s? BOD – Biochemical Oxygen Demand– An Overview and its Importance. BYJU’S Answer.
Why potassium dichromate is used in COD?
Currently, most COD tests use potassium dichromate as the oxidant. Potassium dichromate is a hexavalent chromium salt that is bright orange in color and is a very strong oxidant. Between 95-100% of organic material can be oxidized by dichromate.
What is difference between BOD and COD? Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is the amount of oxygen required by the microorganisms to break down the organic materials, whereas chemical oxygen demand (COD) is the amount of oxygen required to break down the organic material via oxidation.
What happens if COD is high? Higher COD levels mean a greater amount of oxidizable organic material in the sample, which will reduce dissolved oxygen (DO) levels. A reduction in DO can lead to anaerobic conditions, which is deleterious to higher aquatic life forms.
How COD is calculated?
There is a formula for calculating COD. Consider the formula for COD calculation: (a – b) X C X 8,000 / the volume of the sample in mL. Let « a » represent the titrant used for your sample expressed in mL. Let « b » represent the titrant used for your blank sample in mL.
What causes high COD in water?
COD increases as the concentration of organic material increases. It also increases if inorganic compounds susceptible to oxidation by the oxidant (typically dichromate) are present. Water with high COD typically contains high levels of decaying plant matter, human waste, or industrial effluent.
